ventral tegmental area การใช้

• The samples were taken from the ventral tegmental area of the brain.
• The ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) is another midbrain area.
• Cholinergic agents are rewarding when injected into the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ).
• The reward function is mainly controlled by ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) dopamine neurons.
• In turn, the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) is sensitive to 5-HT and NE release.
• The raphe nuclei, ventral tegmental area, and locus coeruleus have been included in texts about monoamine nuclei.
• Dopamine neuron from the ventral tegmental area codes the salience of social as well as nonsocial stimuli.
• Additional structures include the reticular formation, red nucleus, ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) and the periaqueductal grey matter.
• In addition, TRPC4 mRNA is present in midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra.
• The peptide is found in several areas, among them the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) of the brain.
• The calbindin theory would explain the high cytotoxicity of Parkinson's in the substantia nigra compared to the ventral tegmental area.
• The lateral septum is a relay center for connections from the CA3 of the hippocampus to the ventral tegmental area.
• Sex drive is modulated primarily by activity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway ( ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens ).
• The largest and most important sources of dopamine in the vertebrate brain are the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.
• Ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) and substantia nigra pars compacta ( SNc ) are part of the dopamine layer.
• It is thought that Parkinson's disease is caused by degradation of the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic projection originating from the ventral tegmental area.
• CART is altered in the ventral tegmental area of cocaine overdose victims, and a mutation in the CART gene associates with alcoholism.
• Neuroscience describes reward, pleasure, and motivation in terms of neurotransmitter activity, especially in the limbic system and the ventral tegmental area in particular.
• Heightened activity has also been found in the right ventral tegmental area and right caudate nucleus, dopamine-rich areas associated with mammalian reward and motivation.
• Intracranial injections of nicotine directly into the ventral tegmental area produced a conditioned place preference, further implicating the effects of nicotine on the mesolimbic system.